This is warranted by a high demand for autonomous positioning and the fact that many devices are equipped with GNSS chipsets that offer observations on a single-frequency band only. However, there is still a need to evaluate the accuracy level that may be reached with low-cost receivers in single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) mode. A centimeter-level positioning of multi-constellation RTK with Skytraq S2525F8-BD, u-blox ZED F9P and EVK-M8T receivers during high ionospheric activity and for long-baselines was reported in (Odolinski and Teunissen 2019, 2020), respectively. ( 2019), who showed the performance of SF-RTK with u-blox NEO-M8P. This was followed by the studies on single-baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) by Odolinski and Teunissen ( 2016, 2017), who investigated positioning with dual-system single-frequency (SF) and dual-frequency (DF) observations, respectively, and Garrido-Carretero et al. ( 2013) assessed the feasibility of precise positioning with the LEA‐6T low-cost receiver. In one of the first research in this area, Wisniewski et al. The study also reveals that the multipath effect is a dominant factor that constrains the performance of SF-IF PPP with low-cost receivers.Īn increasing interest in the precise positioning with low-cost receivers is recognized. It is confirmed that an application of a survey-grade antenna instead of the patch one noticeably enhances the performance of low-cost receiver SF-IF PPP. Regarding positioning performance, it is shown how SF-IF PPP for the high-grade receiver converges approximately two times faster than for the low-cost receiver with a patch antenna. The results demonstrate that low-cost receivers can offer code measurements with similar noise compared to high-grade receivers providing that the multipath effect is eliminated. It is revealed that low-cost receivers with patch antennas exhibit lower C/N0 records and a weaker elevation dependence of C/N0 than the high-grade equipment. We analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadruple-constellation single-frequency ionospheric-free precise point positioning (SF-IF PPP) with low-cost receivers.
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